The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth Essays - 1047 Words

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth In both Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural plays a very important role. Supernatural elements are crucial to the plot and they also have a more thematic part as well. Shakespeare presents the ghost in Hamlet, and the witches and ghost in Macbeth, as disrupting elements that not only enhance drama, but also tear apart the existing order of things. They force the title character of each play to undergo their own internal struggle that grows from their insecurity of living up to the image of a man. First, let us consider Hamlet. The presence of the supernatural takes center stage at the beginning with a dramatic appearance of the ghost of Hamlets father. Although the†¦show more content†¦Here the prince is outwardly taking about his internal struggle. His fathers murder is forcing Hamlet to take action and become a man. They play then becomes less of a simple revenge tale and more a story about a young man haunted by the image of his own father. In the same scene, Hamlet later says, I had my fathers signet in my purse,/Which was the model of that Danish seal(V.ii.49-50). Here Hamlet is describing his father as being the true image of a man fit to be king. Hamlets own insecurities and the presence of the ghost prove to be his eventual downfall, and Denmarks as well. In this play Shakespeare made the metaphor of a son haunted by his fathers image into a very real haunting indeed. In Macbeth, the supernatural plays a similar and tragic role. Like Hamlet, Macbeth is a man haunted by his own insecurities. Here, this insecurity is made physical not only by yet another ghost, but by three witches who lure Macbeth with promises of prophecies about his future. Like in Hamlet, the ghost appears here as well. Although plot reasons for these appearances are different, the outcome is thematically the same. At a dinner, the kings ghost appears to Macbeth. Macbeth is the only one to see it, and when the ghost disappears, he responds Hence, horrible shadow!/Unreal mockry hence!Why,so; being gone, I am a man again. Pray you sit still (III.v.105-108). Its obvious hereShow MoreRelated Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth 921 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Therefore, the supernatural is a recurring theme in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and an augmentation of the impact of many key scenes. TheRead MoreSupernatural in Hamlet754 Words   |  4 Pagesexistence of the supernatural. Thus, the supernatural is a recurring aspect in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and augments the impact of many key scenes. The supernatural appears to the audience in many varied forms. In Hamlet, the most notable form of the supernatural that appears is the ghost. However, in Macbeth, a ghost, a floatingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet And Macbeth1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of supernatural has always been a popular yet successful choice of film makers and writers. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth, the ghost imitates the feelings of the protagonists for the audience as well. Shakespeare’s tragedies include supernatural in order to catch interest of a reader which consists heroes with desires of th e supernatural ending up in a tragedy. Through their use of ghost and the supernatural, we can see the similarities and differences of the plays that will help effectivelyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1725 Words   |  7 PagesIn Shakespeare s time, supernatural entities, such as witches or ghosts, were to be feared. It was a point in history of extremely superstitious people, where women were burned at the stake for being accused of using magic. At odds with the beliefs of his time, Shakespeare uses the supernatural in a very logical way, providing a glimpse into his characters unique dispositions through the use of witches, ghosts, or magic to represent their internal thoughts and struggles. Each play deals with corruptionRead MoreShakespeare’s the Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesof Magic in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚   Like many other themes, magic and supernatural elements play a large role in many of Shakespeare’s works.   The use of magic interests the audience, plays to the imagination, and adds dramatic intrigue to the story, even when the rest of the plot is comprised of believable events.   These themes are most prominent in The Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth.   In each of these plays, magic and supernatural occurrences not only play a large roleRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1513 Words   |  7 Pages[insert introduction here] Macbeth and Hamlet are both tragic heroes whose fall from greatness disturbs the order of their kingdoms. A tragic hero is a character, one of high esteem, whose internal imperfection leads to their downfall. Both Macbeth and Hamlet are well known and of high social class when an unexpected calamity hits. Hamlet, the son of the king of Denmark, is a charismatic prince â€Å"most immediate to [the] throne† (Shakespeare, Ham I.ii.109). It can be inferred that he lives a ratherRead More The Supernatural in Shakespeares Works Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Supernatural in Shakespeares Works No one questions the fact that William Shakespeare is a pure genius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural aren’t merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernaturalRead MoreThe Heroes Of A Hero1082 Words   |  5 Pageswho is brave and courageous, strong and fearless selfless, and always wanting to help someone else in need. Today in modern society, heroes are shaped out to be a strong, huge, and attractive person. Most people think of heroes as the people with supernatural powers who wear the tight costumes with a cape or mask. In the movies with superheroes, the small, weak, and scrawny guy is not what one would expect as as the hero in the movie. In fact the small guy is the one who is normally saved by the heroRead MoreMacbeth and Hamlet Tragedies Essay576 Words   |  3 PagesAt a time for war, Both Hamlet and Macbeth are considered tragedies and both main characters are considered tragic heroes. There are many differences and similarities. For one, both have somewhat of a psychotic, mental breakdown at some point of the story. Hamlet is just acting crazy to deceive Claudius, while Macbeth has truly gone mad in his lust for power and selfish motives. Both are to become Royalty, with the only exception that Hamlet does it through dishonorable means. â€Å"For in my way it liesRead MoreMacbeth, By W illiam Shakespeare921 Words   |  4 Pagesother end of the spectrum, Macbeth must deal with the moral uncertainty of the actions he does commit. When he goes to kill Duncan, the dagger appears, which he judges to be â€Å"A dagger of the mind, a false creation /Proceeding from the heat oppressà ¨d brain† (II.i.38-39). It is something that has materialized because he has a humoral imbalance. This is the â€Å"psychic distress† Roychoudhury says, â€Å"threatens often to undo the protagonists† (218). Because his mind is not right, Macbeth goes down a path of self-destruction

Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere Assess the...

Using material from item A and elsewhere assess the contribution of functionalism to our understanding of the role of education. Functionalism is based on the view that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or value consensus (agreement) amongst individuals as to what values or norms are important in society. Therefore they take a positive view of the education system. As item A suggests they see it as a form of secondary socialism essential to maintaining society i.e. the values and norms transmitted by social institutions and groups which build upon those learnt in the family (primary socialism). The French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1903) identifies the two main features of education as the†¦show more content†¦Durkheim argued that society needed a sense of solidarity, that is, its individual members must feel that they are part of a single group or community, reinforcing this statement with how social life and co-operation would be impossible without social solidarity as each individual would pursue their own selfish desires instead of working together to reach an agreement on important things. In his eyes the education system helped to create solidarity by transmitting society’s culture, shared beliefs and values from one generation to the next. For example, he argues that if a country’s history was taught, a sense of shared heritage and a commitment to wider social groups would be gradually established or instilled in the minds of children. Marxists however criticise this view as they believe the values transmitted by education are not those shared by everyone in society but rather those of the ruling class. In some examples this can be seen when the ruling class creates a list of values which they believe everyone should learn in society. In contrast to this school can be seen to act as ‘society in miniature’ preparing us for life outside of school. For example both in school and at work we have to co-operate with people who are either family or friends. In schoolShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism and the Family637 Words   |  3 PagesTook 45 minutes to complete about 659 words Using the material from the Item and elsewhere, assess the functionalist contribution to our understanding of the family.(24 marks) Functionalism is a structural theory as it examines social institutions e.g. economy , education etc. It sees these institutions as a way of moulding and shaping the individual. Functionalism is also a consensus theory and tends to encourage sharing norms and values and promotes agreement rather than conflict , valueRead MoreSociology5053 Words   |  21 PagesPossible sociology questions January 2012 Item 2A Sociologists analyse the domestic division of labour in many different ways. Parsons describes the division of labour in the traditional nuclear family in terms of an expressive role and an instrumental role. However, this traditional arrangement may have changed as families have changed, and many feminists use the term ‘dual burden’ to describe the woman’s role in the family today. Item 2B Government policies and laws include tax and benefitRead MoreScly1 Past Papers7036 Words   |  29 PagesSCLY1 (Old Specification) Past Exam Questions Although June 2016 will be a new specification and exam structure much of the material you have learnt in families and households applies to the new exam. Below are examples of questions taken from the old exam papers that you should practice writing plans for as they are still relevant. However there are a few key differences: * The question you will answer will be worth 20 marks not 24 marks. * You will have 30 minutes to write a 20 mark answerRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 PagesCrime and Deviance with Theories Methods Past Papers Use the following past papers to practise your exam writing techniques and aid your revision. Make sure you look at the mark scheme for each question to assess your answer. Also check the ‘model answers’ from students to see where good AO1 and AO2 marks were scored. Crime and Deviance Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicity, genderRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmasRead MoreWalmart vs Carrefour26545 Words   |  107 PagesSeptember 2007 Acknowledgements I appreciate my dissertation supervisor Dr Wang, for his continuous patience, support, guidance and constructive comment throughout the period of my dissertation. I would like to thank the professors and lectures from whom I learned a lot throughout my master year. I also would like to show my gratitude to Nottingham University Business School that provided this value chance for my postgraduate studies as well as the chance to conduct this research. I wish toRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pagesï » ¿TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR NSL READING CHAPTER 1: National Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes

Capital budget Free Essays

string(184) " several months or old ages to retrieve the initial cost of the undertaking hard currency consideration is ever critical, peculiarly for directors to measure undertakings at one clip\." Introduction: In a recession, irrespective of where they work in your organisation, and apprehension of fiscal constructs to assist you make your occupation better and lend to the community ‘s attempts to remain in concern and go on to harvest the net incomes. And the concentration of companies are now more than of all time, the Numberss of those who are seeking to remain afloat, and you can go financially faster read and write and get down to lend to the negotiations on the bottom line, the faster will be able to assist the squad. Support is the scientific discipline of money direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital budget or any similar topic only for you Order Now Areas of public finance, corporate finance and personal finance ( financing from the private sector ) , and public finance. This includes funding and salvage money and frequently include borrowing money. The field of fiscal minutess with the constructs of clip and money, hazard, and how they were connected. It besides looks at how to pass the money and the budget. One of the facets of support through persons and concerns, that money is deposited in the bank. Then the bank lends money to other persons or companies for the intent of ingestion or investing and involvement costs on loans. Loans have become progressively packaged for resale, which means that the investor purchases the loan ( debt ) from a bank or straight from the company. Chemical bonds and debt instruments sold to investors for organisations such as authoritiess, companies or charities. The investor can so press on the debt and cod involvement or sell the debt on the secondary market. The chief Bankss and agents for funding through the proviso of recognition, although private equity, investing financess, hedge financess, and other organisations are the importance of puting in assorted signifiers of faith. Managed fiscal assets, known as investings, with a focal point on fiscal hazard direction to command fiscal hazards. Fiscal instruments are traded that allows many signifiers of asset-backed securities in the securities markets, and stock exchanges, including debt such as bonds and portions in listed companies. Cardinal Bankss, such as Bankss, Federal Reserve System of the United States and the Bank of England in the United Kingdom, are strong participants in the field of public fundss, the loaner of last resort, every bit good as the strong influence of pecuniary and recognition conditions in the economic system. Capital budget And capital outgo is passing money for the undertaking which is expected to bring forth hard currency flow for a period transcending one twelvemonth. Examples of undertakings include investings in belongings, works and equipment, research and development, and big advertisement runs, or any other undertaking requires capital outgo and generates a watercourse of future hard currency flows. Because the capital outgos could be rather big and have a important impact on the fiscal public presentation of the company, given great importance to the choice of undertakings. This procedure is called capital budgeting. Standards for capital budgeting determinations Potentially, a broad scope of standards for the choice of undertakings. Some stockholders may be the company to place undertakings that demonstrate extremums immediate hard currency flow, and others may desire to stress the long-run growing with small importance on public presentation in the short term. Viewed in this manner, it would be really hard to run into the diverse involvements of all stockholders. Fortunately, there is a solution. The company ‘s end is to maximise current stockholder value. This end requires that the undertakings should be undertaken that lead to positive net nowadays value, ie the present value of expected hard currency flows, and net present value of capital disbursement required. Using the net nowadays value ( NPV ) as a step of the capital budget involves placing undertakings that increase the value of the company, because they have a positive net nowadays value. The timing and rate of growing of hard currency flows from the of import merely to the extent of their impact on the net present value. Using the net present value as the criterion by which to place undertakings presumed efficiency of capital markets so that the company has entree to all that is required capital undertakings to follow up positive net nowadays value. In instances where this is non the instance, there may be capital rationing and capital budgeting procedure becomes more complicated. Note that it is the duty of the company to make up one’s mind whether to delight a certain group of stockholders who prefer more or less long-run consequences. Once the company had chosen these undertakings to maximise the net nowadays value, and it is up to single stockholders to utilize capital markets to borrow or impart in order to travel the exact day of the month of the hard currency flows of the forward or backward. This basic thought in chief agent relationship exists between stockholders and directors. Despite all the picks may be single, and the common end is to maximise the present value of the company. Alternate regulations for the capital budget While the net present value is the regulation that maximizes value for stockholders, ever, and some companies use other standards to make up one’s mind on the capital budget, such as: internal rate of return on ego ) Profitability index Payback period Back to Book Value In some instances, investing determinations originating from the internal rate of return and profitableness index methods agree with those of the net present value. Decisions taken by the recovery period and return on book value methods are normally non optimum from the point of view of the value of portions to the maximal extent. Pay period What is the size How long does it take to retrieve the financess invested in the undertaking. Why is it of import On a consecutive line method, recovery period is the easiest manner to find the potency of investing in a big undertaking. The direction expressed in a timely mode, and will take several months or old ages to retrieve the initial cost of the undertaking hard currency consideration is ever critical, peculiarly for directors to measure undertakings at one clip. You read "Capital budget" in category "Essay examples" This appraisal becomes even more of import if you include the consideration of what the present value of grosss in the hereafter will be. How does it work in pattern Amortization period is the right expression is as follows: Payback period = cost of the undertaking ‘s one-year hard currency grosss A ; divide ; Therefore, if a undertaking costs $ 100,000 and would bring forth $ 28,000 per twelvemonth, the payback period is: 100000 A ; divide ; 28000 = 3.57 old ages If the expected grosss generated by the undertaking to change from twelvemonth to twelvemonth, every bit good as the jutting income for each twelvemonth up to an extra sum cost of the undertaking. For illustration, say that the expected grosss generated by the undertaking is $ 100,000 Year Gross Entire 1 $ 19,000 $ 19,000 2 $ 25,000 $ 44,000 3 $ 30,000 $ 74,000 4 $ 30,000 $ 104,000 5 $ 30,000 $ 134,000 Therefore, the undertaking will be to the full paid for in 4 old ages, because in that twelvemonth that the entire income reaches the initial cost of $ 100,000. Complicated the image when you enter the clip value of money rule in the computations. Some experts insist this is necessary to find the recovery period more accurately. Consequently, should be used in the present value tabular arraies, or the computing machine ( now the norm ) , and should be discounted one-year income in the rate of involvement applied, and 10 % in this illustration. In this manner, give consequences significantly different: Year Gross Present value Entire 1 $ 19,000 $ 17,271 $ 17,271 2 $ 25,000 $ 20,650 $ 37,921 3 $ 30,000 $ 22,530 $ 60,451 4 $ 30,000 $ 20,490 $ 80,941 5 $ 30,000 $ 18,630 $ 99,571 This method indicates that the recovery will non happen until after five old ages. Tricks of the trade Obviously, a major defect of the consecutive line recovery period is that it ignores the rule of clip value of money, which, in bend, can ensue in unrealistic outlooks. The 2nd drawback is that it ignores the benefits produced after a period of ingestion and, accordingly, a undertaking which has a million U.S. dollars will come back after, say, six old ages and can be classified as less of a undertaking with the recovery of three old ages which returns merely 100 thousand dollars at a ulterior clip. Another option to cipher the amortisation period is the position of internal rate of return. In most of the experiments and undertakings with shorter recovery times superior to those with more of the net incomes, even if that promise higher returns. Can be affected by factors such as the refund periods of market alterations, alterations in involvement rates, and economic transmutations. Cash dividend shorter besides enable companies to retrieve the initial investing and set to work elsewhere. In general, the recovery period for a period of three old ages or less desirable, if the period of recovery of the undertaking is less than a twelvemonth, and some believe that it should be considered to be indispensable. Internal rate of return Internal rate of return ( IRR ) is a joint rating metric used by fiscal analysts to cipher and measure the fiscal attraction / feasibleness undertakings or capital-intensive investings. The internal rate of return is normally easier to understand the consequence of the discounted hard currency flow analysis ( Internet Explorer, the net present value or net present value ) for directors of non-financial, is frequently used to explicate and warrant investing determinations ; Although the modeller good fiscal know that the internal rate of return is after all an estimated, particularly when calculated in Excel, and should be used in combination with other fiscal parametric quantities such as net present value and rating multiples compared to when the issue of supplying employment or investing. What precisely is the internal rate of return? The internal rate of return is the involvement rate that makes net present value of all hard currency flows equal to zero. In footings of fiscal analysis, and could be called the internal rate of return price reduction rate at which the current value of a series of investing peers the present value of investings. All undertakings or investings with an internal rate of return that is calculated in the procedure of fiscal mold to be superior to the leaden mean cost of capital should be ( or WACC ) is a financially feasible and technically acceptable. When taking between undertakings or investings where the benefits or services are wholly independent of each other in the modeller good fiscal should be considered in the undertaking or investing, harmonizing to the highest internal rate of return is calculated to be financially attractive, every bit long as we continue to maintain in head that it is non must be of the value of internal rate of return greater than WACC. Net nowadays value I plan to compose the net present value of a small ‘After discoursing how to cipher the discounted hard currency flows and net nowadays value to cipher the value of this site. Not since I wrote about the fiscal at the minute, I thought that there may be a good alteration of gait. When we calculate the discounted hard currency flows, in kernel what we are seeking to make is cipher the value of all future hard currency flows at a certain clip, frequently more at this clip. As mentioned above, in order to make this, you need to cognize or expected future hard currency flows in each period, as happened in the head price reduction rate that reflects the earnestness of this undertaking or the events that led to hard currency flow. One manner to find if the undertaking is approved or non is to look at the net nowadays value ( NPV ) . High-level discounted hard currency flow cyberspace present value are really similar. Based on net present value to compare the present value of hard currency flows to hard currency flows, and cipher every individual can go complex depending on how the company is ( or borrowing unleveraged ) , to do a determination on what to include or except, and can interact with the revenue enhancement to acquire the wordss. Therefore, to simplify this treatment on the internal rate of return, and I use the experiences in the fiscal histories net present value of the grounds. PRESENT VALUE Present value refers to today ‘s value of a future sum. Present Value Formula: S P = — — — — — — ( 1+rt ) Alternatively of get downing with the principal which is invested, you could get down from what you want to roll up in the hereafter, and so work rearward to see the sum that you must put to make the needed sum. CALCULATING PRESENT VALUE For illustration, if you wish to retire within a certain figure of old ages you can get down working in contrary to find what sum must be invested today to roll up the coveted sum at the clip of your retirement in the hereafter. Example Assume you need $ 20,000 in three old ages for a down payment on a house. If the simple involvement rate is 5 % , how much would you hold to put today to roll up the $ 20,000 in three old ages? In this illustration: S= $ 20,000 ( sum of adulthood value ) T = 3 old ages R = 0.05 The computation for chief is: Second P = — — — — — ( 1+rt ) $ 20,000 P = — — — — — — – [ 1 + ( 0.05 ) 3 ] $ 20,000 P = — — — — — — – 1.15 P = $ 17,391.30 Therefore, if you invest $ 17,391.30 today at 5 % simple involvement, you will hold $ 20,000 in three old ages. Let ‘s look into it out: nterest per twelvemonth = $ 17,391.30 x 0.05 = $ 869.57 Interest for three old ages = $ 869.57 x 3 = $ 2,608.70 Therefore, the sum available for down payment at the terminal of three old ages is $ 17.391.30 + $ 2,608.70 = $ 20,000 Alternatively of 5 % simple involvement, see 5 % compound involvement collectible biyearly: Formula to be used: P = S ( 1+i ) ^-n S = 20,000 I = 0.05 / 2 = 0.025 n = 2 x 3 = 6 P = $ 20,000 ( 1+0.025 ) ^-6 = $ 20,000 ( 1.025 ) ^-6 = $ 20,000 x 1 — — — — – ( 1.025 ) ^6 = $ 20,000 / 1.16 = $ 17,241.38 Let ‘s look into it out utilizing the compound involvement expression: S = P ( 1 + I ) ^n = $ 17,241.38 ( 1 + 0.025 ) ^6 = $ 17,241.38 ( 1.025 ) ^6 = $ 17,241.38 x 1.16 = $ 20,000 How to cite Capital budget, Essay examples

Accounting and Finance Time Series Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Accounting and Finance for Time Series Analysis. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this report is to show the various aspect of the reflective learning process involved in execution of a project. The attendees of the report include Ismail, Tianzhu, Yang and Mark. The report states about the various type of the problems encountered while the formulation of different types of the project tasks. The various types of the agenda collected while doing the project is shown based on the table format prepared for the different types of the meetings held all throughout the project. The agendas of the meeting clearly mentions about the various type for the particulars of the project including then date and the time duration taken to the conduct the individual project work. The project agenda also mentions about the persons involved while conducting each research objectives. The various types of the findings of the meeting are linked with the different type of the agendas of the meetings, which clearly states about the findings of the report in details. The vari ous type of the issues found in the report shows the different types of the problems and the issues encountered while execution process of the project. The report also states about the various type of the objective of the individual, performers of the project. The attendees of the project are able to learn about the various type of the concepts based of the several findings included in the meetings of the project such as drafting of the presentation report, positive feedback , editing of the draft report, modification made in the project plan. The report also provides the various types of the findings from the suggestions, obtained from the various type of the teaching, and materials required of the project. Discussion Difficulties and Problem Resolution during the Project Meeting 1 The group members who took part in this meeting were Ismail, Tianzhu, Yang, Mark. The agenda that we discussed in the first meeting included the academic background, work history, academic and personal strengths. To carry on the project successfully by allotting task to every group member as per their capabilities we decided to know each other. All of us shared our academic and personal strengths and discussed details of our work history. Meeting 2 We used Dropbox software in this meeting for setting up shared areas. Belbin was responsible for setting team roles. Wesam had the role of team worker, mark was the co-coordinator, Yang was implementer, monitor evaluator, Tianzhu was completer-finisher and team worker and Ismail was a specialist and resource investigator. We decided to set some team rules for maintaining cordial task completion during the project. These rules included reaching in time for meetings and the one who arrives late would pay 50p as printing fee. Moreover, we should all respect the ideas of fellow group members and always prepare along with setting issues to discuss for the next meeting. We planned to prepare presentation of 5 minutes in our next workshop. Meeting 3 We decided to conduct a meeting with our project supervisor. Major purpose of this meeting was to know each other in aspects of all our academic background, work history along with individual weaknesses and strengths. Additionally, all of us discussed our team roles with the supervisor describing the tasks those are to be done by each of us during the project. In guidance of the supervisor, we prepared a brief outline of the project and prepared various questions those we discuss on the first meeting with our client to address any problem regarding the project completion. Meeting 4 We conducted a second meeting with our supervisor to discuss certain issues regarding the project. The supervisor reminded us about conducting a meeting with our client who assigned us the project. We realized that the questions to be discussed with the client were not that efficient so we decided to improve our set of questions. We discussed the details of the issue regarding admin stuff and the aims of the project brief we prepared. The key problem was the setting the brief of the project those were to be resolved in the first meeting with the client. Meeting 5 We conducted first meeting with our client where in consideration to the supervisors suggestions we decided the question time and summarized the questions to be discussed with the client. Issues we faced regarding variance analysis, training package and research completion were discussed. The problems in project brief were struggle with the concept of variance analysis, staff just following list of variance other than considering significant variables and increasing excuses of sap solution training package not effective. We discussed solutions to such issues were to find out the reason for failure of the training package and realizing the materials of training techniques provided to us by client. Meeting 6 We to repeat the team rules that we should follow during the project conducted this meeting. We summarized the issues and the solutions regarding the training process and lack of knowledge of staff on variance analysis. We considered the supervisors suggestions such as understanding the Bombardier spreadsheet, selecting suitable theories and evaluating the supporting evidences along with percentage of staff satisfaction. We separated the tasks into two parts to make project easier. In the first part, we will introduce variance analysis, its importance and the relevance to know sap. In second part, we will choose some staff those are interested in learning new things and want to take sap training. We analyzed the data and PPT provided to us by the client and then mailed to supervisor explaining major pints of the project. Meeting 7 In this meeting we uploaded all our research information, discussed the variance and training techniques for adults, prepared a draft questionnaire and emailed some major issues and solutions discussed in this meeting to the supervisor. We planned a training package for adults that will train the material team on the ways to conduct the variance analysis. In the questionnaire, we planned to ask the staff same questions repeatedly without self-learning. We decided to offer training to 30-50 people and 3-4 days for every group. We shared all these decisions with our supervisor. Meeting 8 In this meeting, we decided to work on the draft proposal of the project. In addition, all our team members decided to improve the questionnaire by including several major aspects in the questionnaire. Based on the issues discussed on the meeting we emailed the decisions made in this meeting to our supervisor. Meeting 9 In this meeting, all our team members discussed the recommended regarding for the tasks of the project. We decided to offer feedback based on the suggestions that were provided to us by our supervisor on the draft proposal, regarding questionnaire improvement, recommendations on variance analysis as well as training procedures to adults. We evaluated the issue of faulty training practices and prepared solutions to offer a better training package training to the adult members. We planned to take an advice from the supervisor and client about the design of the project plan for our client. Meeting 10 In this meeting, all our team members decided to improve our draft proposal and continued to improve the contents of our questionnaire. Along with this, we designed a project plan for our client and emailed the same to our supervisor. Our team member prepared a table of tasks and its duration of completion along with mentioning the ongoing work on each task. We asked for confirmation on certain tasks of the project where we offered suitable recommendations and made major changes. Based on the progress on the tasks of the project our team members also provided an estimated time for final project presentation to the client and preparation of final report. The proposed project timeline will guide all our team members to complete all the tasks in the predefined time. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 11, the overall feeds back that has been provided by the client mainly portrays the limited amount of research conducted by the business process. Furthermore, the clausal approach used by the company in delivering reliable information directly to its client is also in questions. In addition, the overall Gantt chart presented by the company to its client is also the main concern for the meeting. Moreover, the loopholes in designing the Gantt chart mainly depict the lack of knowledge and experience of the company for conducting the particular task. The low clarification and reduced information that has been conducted by the company to its client is also the main agenda for the meeting. Lastly the method used by the company in making adequate meeting schedule and finding a timeline for the assessment could be effectively disused in the meeting. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 12, the limited time allocated for the meeting could not be helpful in solving queries of the supervisor. Furthermore, evaluation of the new suggestion for the project plan in the meeting could help in reducing the limitation of future growth prospects. However, the discussion in the research areas could help the supervisor to make adequate decision in the final project plan. Moreover, the limited time allocated for the meeting could not help in calculating questions presented by the client or the supervisor regarding the latest project. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 13, the overall updating that is required for the new project could be effectively discussed. Moreover, the prepared question for the meeting with the client could not help in answering the queries raised in the meeting. Thus, the limited amount of information might reduce trust of the client on the company. In addition, discussing on the email mainly helped in analysing the problem that was faced by the supervisor with its work group. Furthermore, this discussion in the meeting could help in reducing any kind of mismanagement that has been conducted by the supervisor. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 14, the limited time allocated could not be sufficient to review and discuses major questions and research areas that could be focused for the new project. Moreover, the limited time used for discussing questions and research area could not be helpful in making adequate suggestions, which could be helpful in improving the output of the new project. In addition, emailing problem that is haunting the activities of supervisors are also discussed in this meeting. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 15, is the feedback that the client has depicted to be reviewed and implemented in the new project. Furthermore, the main problem that has been identified by the client is low impact of authority and business communications process. This the review from client feedback could help in increasing authenticity of the new project. Furthermore, the confirmation of two signoff forms could also help in approving the validity of the new project. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 16, the limited time allocated for the meeting could not help in successfully clarifying and drafting reports for new areas of research. Moreover, the overall updating that is required for the new project to reduce its limitation could not be successfully implanted by the client. In addition, the overall email group to supervisor is also effectively evaluated in the meeting. Furthermore, the clarifications needed by the client could be effectively mentioned in the drafting process to reduce clients complaints and increase viability of the new project. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 17, the overall start of draft report without the clearance of client comments could eventually reduce the effectiveness of the report. Furthermore, the evaluation of email that is used by the super visors has effectively analysed, which could be used to deliver required information to employees of the company. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 18, the continued drafting of the report could eventually help the supervisor to make adequate adjustment. Furthermore, the design of the draft presentation could only be prepared after the completion of the draft report. However, the completion of the overall draft is subject to the accommodation of all the client requirements. The overall time allotted for completing the draft report is not substantial to meet the overall requirements of the client. This in turn might reduce the effectiveness of the draft report and presentation that is to be prepared in the meeting. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 19, the overall feedback of the draft presentation that is been prepared for the client for review. This meeting mainly evaluates the information that has been depicted in the draft presentation. Moreover, the review and suggestion on the draft presentation could help in minimizing any kind of loopholes or mistakes that has been conducted while preparing the presentation. Furthermore, this meeting could also evaluate the overall accumulation of client review, which has been increased in making adequate adjustments. After reviewing the agenda for meeting 20, the overall editing process could be effectively conducted in the meeting. Moreover, the editing process could help the draft presentation to be effective and according to the specification of the client. This editing process might effectively help in making adequate changes that are required and could help in fulfilling requirements of the client. However, without effective analysis on the reviews provided by the client the draft report and presentation could lose friction and increase trust gap between client and the company. In the meeting 21, we found several problems related to the drafting of the project plan as there were several types of the conflicts associated with the previous plans of the report. The agendas also states the various types of problems encountered while presenting the project as the project was facing lot of time due to delayed operations. The drafting of the shows the representation of the various types of the reporting, which was done, based on PowerPoint presentations. In meeting, 22 the problems and the finding of the various types of the report were found in the basis of the problems identified through the drafting plan. It was also found then blame was reported to the management of the organization clearly stating about the various types of then time constraints and the number of activities which had to be successfully executed for the completion if the project. In meeting 23 it was found that the various types of the problems identified in the report was addressed to the supervisor with the email service. In the meeting, 24 it was found that the client gave then positive feedback based on then modification suggested for the project. The meeting also suggested about the various type of the project plan relating to the suggestions provided in the meeting, which states about improvement in the teaching process and the various type of then reasons for which the culture of the workplace is blamed. In meeting 25, the final draft plan was prepared which clearly stated about the various type of the necessary update, which was made to the action plans of the project. The project also provided the various type of the necessary services to then clients which included the emailing of the modified project plan and the necessary changes which was made in the project. The preparation of the assessment of the project report states about the final agendas, which is proposed for the final action plan of the project and the success of the project. The final meeting number 26 states the editing of the activities in the library. The total duration for the meeting was conducted for a time of three hours. It was also found that the final meeting included all the participants of the project planning. Conclusion Based on the several types of the analysis conducted on the research topic it was found that the maximum amount of the time was spent on the analysis of the presentation data. The several presentations created as a part of the project stated about the various types of the existing issues needed for solving the different research problems. The major problems were identified in the supporting evidences of the varied types of the research of the roles and the staff satisfaction of the employees. 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